In contrast, organic organizations focus on generating revenue (i.e., making a profit) and this focus leads them to stress the need to create innovative products. Employees are valued for their creative talents and are given free rein to generate new ideas.
An excellent example of a mechanistic organization is that of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart boasts that it offers consumers the lowest possible prices, all of the time. The focus is not on innovative products -- most of the items can be found in other stores -- but upon keeping prices low. Wal-Mart stores are run in a highly controlled fashion, with little variation between stores even in terms of how customers are greeted. Employees are paid little and are treated as expendable -- their low wages enable prices to remain rock-bottom. "Wal-Mart customers want the lowest possible prices on the things they use every day. And Wal-Mart delivers, with reliably rock-bottom pricing and fantastic product variety. To afford it, the company under-delivers on other parts of the retail experience, such as sales support and ambience" (Frei & Moriss 2012). Wal-Mart has very little interest in optimizing the customer buying experience, much less listening to disposable employees about how to improve the store. It has been wildly successful by keeping things cheap, despite a great deal of media criticism of its store policies. The span of control of management is very direct to make this model work and is highly formalized and centralized. Wal-Mart's model has worked, thanks to its sheer size, but smaller budget retailers have struggled if their ability to compete on price is shaken, given they have little else to offer.
In contrast, the search engine company Google focuses on encouraging employee creativity...
Feminist theory can get very political and insistent, but that can and should be tempered by a realistic understanding of what can be accomplished when people all agree to work together in order to see a positive change in the way people are treated. When people become focused on the race or gender of a person, or they become too focused on the words used without clarifying the intent of
English for academic purposes approach focuses on the reader, too, not as a specific individual but as the representative of a discourse community, for example, a specific discipline or academia in general. The reader is an initiated expert who represents a faculty audience. This reader, particularly omniscient and all-powerful, is likely to be an abstract representation, a generalized construct, one reified from an examination of academic assignments and texts
Leadership is an ability which, either inborn or developed through hard work and ingenuity, presents the members of the organization with a paragon to forging action toward rational goals. While it is the responsibility of managerial personnel to issue directives, instructions and clarifications on goal- orientation, it is only a leader who can find ways to motivate the members of his organization. By finding ways to personally and professionally invest these members into the shared goals
There were numerous complaints that the famous charity was nowhere to be seen on the Jersey Shore and due to "inadequate food and supply distribution" local entities such as Occupy Sandy or personal volunteerism took the place of the Red Cross (Crocker & Dickson 2012). If the Red Cross is to sustain itself in the future, it must answer these charges. The director of Occupy Sandy, a veteran of disaster
Organizational Psychology - Motivation Landy and Conte (2013) define industrial-organizational psychology as "the application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting" (p. 7). A prominent line of research in industrial-organizational psychology is the study of worker motivation. Over many decades, as management theory has developed, several philosophical and psychological strands have emerged, and are often referred to as: 1) Person as machine; 2) person as scientist, and 3)
Bioecological Theory and the Family and Community Resource Conceptual Framework) The Case History "Kerry" has twin girls who are now 4 years old. She had been living with her defacto "Dean" for the past 6 years. She is a qualified beautician and has previously run a small business from home before the birth of the twins. She undertook schooling until year 12 (equal to USA high school diploma) at a public
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